The physical sciences involve the study of forces and motion, and matter and energy. How an object moves is influenced by a range of contact forces (friction) and non-contact forces (magnetic, gravitational, and electrostatic). Energy can come in many forms (heat, light, sound, electricity) and can be transferred between objects or transformed from one form to another.

	Forces affect the motion and behaviour of objects	Energy can be transferred and transformed from one form to another and is conserved within systems
F	Describe how objects move and how factors including their size, shape or material influence their movement	Concept not covered at this year level
Y1	Describe pushes and pulls in terms of strength and direction and predict the effect of these forces on objects’ motion and shape	Concept not covered at this year level
Y2	Concept not covered at this year level	Explore different actions to make sounds and how to make a variety of sounds, and recognise that sound energy causes objects to vibrate
Y3	Concept not covered at this year level	Identify sources of heat energy and examine how temperature changes when heat energy is transferred from one object to another
Y4	Identify how forces can be exerted by one object on another and investigate the effect of frictional, gravitational and magnetic forces on the motion of objects	Concept not covered at this year level
Y5	Concept not covered at this year level	Identify sources of light, recognise that light travels in a straight path and describe how shadows are formed and light can be reflected and refracted
Y6	Concept not covered at this year level	Investigate the transfer and transformation of energy in electrical circuits, including the role of circuit components, insulators and conductors

 

The Earth and Space sciences involve the study of the dynamic interdependent nature of Earth’s systems and how it is part of a larger astronomical system. Interactions between Earth’s systems and astronomical systems can be explored over a range of time scales.

	Earth is part of an astronomical system; interactions between Earth and celestial bodies influence the Earth system	The Earth system comprises dynamic and interdependent systems; interactions between these systems cause continuous change over a range of scales
F	Earth and space sciences not covered at this year level	Earth and space sciences not covered at this year level
Y1	Concept not covered at this year level	Describe daily and seasonal changes in the environment and explore how these changes affect everyday life
Y2	Recognise Earth is a planet in the solar system and identify patterns in the changing position of the sun, moon, planets and stars in the sky	Concept not covered at this year level
Y3	Concept not covered at this year level	Compare the observable properties of soils, rocks and minerals and investigate why they are important Earth resources
Y4	Identify sources of water and describe key processes in the water cycle, including movement of water through the sky, landscape and ocean; precipitation; evaporation; and condensation	Concept not covered at this year level
Y5	Concept not covered at this year level	Describe how weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition cause slow or rapid change to Earth’s surface
Y6	Describe the movement of Earth and other planets relative to the sun and model how Earth’s tilt, rotation on its axis and revolution around the sun relate to cyclic observable phenomena, including variable day and night length	Concept not covered at this year level

 

The chemical sciences involve the study of the composition and properties of substances. This involves classifying substances, exploring physical changes (changes of state or dissolving) and how chemical changes result in the production of new substances.

	The chemical and physical properties of substances are determined by their structure at a range of scales	Substances change and new substances are produced by rearranging atoms; these changes involve energy transfer and transformation
F	Recognise that objects can be composed of different materials and describe the observable properties of those materials	Concept not covered at this year level
Y1	Concept not covered at this year level	Concept not covered at this year level
Y2	Concept not covered at this year level	Recognise that materials can be changed physically without changing their material composition and explore the effect of different actions on materials including bending, twisting, stretching and breaking into smaller pieces
Y3	Investigate the observable properties of solids and liquids and how adding or removing heat energy leads to a change of state	Investigate the observable properties of solids and liquids and how adding or removing heat energy leads to a change of state
Y4	Examine the properties of natural and made materials including fibres, metals, glass and plastics and consider how these properties influence their use	Concept not covered at this year level
Y5	Explain observable properties of solids, liquids and gases by modelling the motion and arrangement of particles	Concept not covered at this year level
Y6	Concept not covered at this year level	Compare reversible changes, including dissolving and changes of state, and irreversible changes, including cooking and rusting that produce new substances

 

The biological sciences involve the study of living things, their interdependence, and interaction in the environment. The ongoing process of evolution has led to a diverse range of living things that have forms and features that make them suited to their environment. This results in biological systems that are interdependent on each other and their environment.

	A diverse range of living things have evolved on earth over hundreds of millions of years; this process is ongoing	Biological systems are interdependent and interact with each other and their environment	The form and features of living things are related to the functions that their body systems perform
F	Observe external features of plants and animals and describe ways they can be grouped based on these features	Concept not covered at this year level	Observe external features of plants and animals and describe ways they can be grouped based on these features
Y1	Concept not covered at this year level	Identify the basic needs of plants and animals, including air, water, food and shelter and how the place they live meet those needs	Concept not covered at this year level
Y2	Biological sciences not covered at this year level	Biological sciences not covered at this year level	Biological sciences not covered at this year level
Y3	Compare characteristics of living and non-living things and examine the differences between the life cycles of plants and animals	Concept not covered at this year level	Compare characteristics of living and non-living things and examine the differences between the life cycles of plants and animals
Y4	Concept not covered at this year level	Explain the roles and interactions of consumers, producers and decomposers within a habitat and how food chains represent feeding relationships	Concept not covered at this year level
Y5	Examine how particular structural features and behaviours of living things enable their survival in specific habitats	Concept not covered at this year level	Examine how particular structural features and behaviours of living things enable their survival in specific habitats
Y6	Concept not covered at this year level	Concept not covered at this year level	Investigate the physical conditions of a habitat and analyse how the growth and survival of living things is affected by changing physical conditions